SWOT analysis: what it is for, what it consists of and how to apply it

Dmytro Koshkarov
Dmytro Koshkarov CEO
  • business
  • analysis

The SWOT analysis or SWOT matrix is a strategic analysis tool/method designed to identify four blocks of factors:

  • Strengths
  • Weaknesses
  • Opportunities
  • Threats

This method is commonly aimed at analyzing:

  • companies, projects
  • products/services
  • marketing tasks
  • public relations

Why do you need a SWOT analysis of a company?

  • making strategic decisions, including during crisis management
  • strategic planning
  • strategy development

What's included in the SWOT matrix?

Internal environment factors (factors that can be influenced internally):

Strengths (S), for example:

Weaknesses (W), for example:

  • negative factors
  • what the company lacks (resources, tools, technologies)
  • disadvantages compared to competitors

External environment factors (factors that influence from outside):

Opportunities (O), for example:

  • trends
  • opportunities to apply new tools, technologies
  • new niches
  • adoption of effective legislative changes

Threats (T), for example:

  • competitors' strengths
  • lack of opportunities to apply new tools, technologies
  • various risks (political, economic, demographic, natural, military, and others)

How to work with the results of SWOT analysis for a business?

After collecting and entering data into the table, the situation is analyzed (hence SWOT analysis is also called situational analysis) and appropriate tasks and plans are developed

Results of the analysis can be used to develop strategic decisions according to the following groups:

  • S-O (strengths and opportunities) - a line of strength. Accordingly, variants and solutions can be worked out that will further strengthen the position of the company, product, etc
  • W-O (weaknesses and opportunities) – a line of improvement. Involves developing solutions that use opportunities to eliminate or mitigate weaknesses
  • S-T (strengths and threats) – a line of defense. This seeks ways in which advantages (strengths) can protect against various external threats, risks, and what needs to be done to better defend
  • W-T (weaknesses and threats) – a line of prevention. This block requires developing an action plan to eliminate or minimize internal shortcomings and external risks

It is important to note that SWOT analysis is one of the tools for analysis, planning, and decision-making, and it is not perfect

Advantages include:

  • accessible, simple, and quick express analysis
  • identification of connections between strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and risks, threats
  • identification of critical vulnerabilities

Disadvantages:

  • subjectivity of assessments and conclusions
  • in the case of express analysis (which can be deeper - comprehensive analysis), the data obtained are often inaccurate (e.g., lack of specific numerical, temporal, cost indicators)

Nevertheless, SWOT analysis remains a very popular method of strategic analysis and planning

 

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